distasteful to those struggling to meet daily needs. The wealthy were expected to engage in benefactions,27 but this landowner’s wealth comes at the cost of those around him. His primary orientation is money, but he is not “rich toward God,” meaning that he is stingy with both his resources (Lk 14:33) and himself (Lk 9:23) and has thereby excluded himself from the kingdom.28 If we are to have the characteristics of God, our primary orientation must be toward God’s kingdom, clearly evident in both
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